Climate Change and Poverty Essay

In the course of recent decades, a significant concern is the danger environmental change have for today’s economy. A large number of individuals are influenced every single day by environmental change however this is only the start of the most exceedingly awful. One thing that appears to go safe by environmental change is societal position; to what extent will cash last as an obstruction with the impacts of Mother Nature? How does destitution increment the dangers related the staggering forces of environmental change? When talking as far as neediness a wide range of classifications emerge. Neediness in America is not quite the same as destitution in Asia or Africa. Each nation has confronted destitution. It is inescapable; a few nations be that as it may, face an excessively high level of destitution. Environmental change influences various parts of every nation. Every nation is in danger of neediness because of environmental change; be that as it may, destitution stricken territories are all the more monetarily, socially, and politically ill-equipped. Country’s monetary standings are incredibly influenced by environmental change Many individuals are befuddled with respect to how the changing atmospheres influence the economy. Each nation relies upon farming and explicit degrees of water to produce explicit incomes. The more destitution stricken territories depend on cultivating and water levels more so than wealthy nations. The vast majority of these nations have not yet been completely evolved like USA, Europe or a few pieces of Asia. Environmental change undermines the potential future harvest yields. Environmental change could put an extra 5 to 170 million individuals in danger of yearning by the 2080’s (Rosenzwig and Parry). We are discussing an awful endless pattern of demolition. Nations rely upon downpour succumb to agrarian development; environmental change influences the measure of downpour tumble from dry seasons to rainstorm levels. Cultivating is helpless before water, leaving networks with the danger of conceivable starvation. The vast majority of the neediness stricken regions depend entirely on cultivating, for income, yet additionally for nourishment. This being stated, environmental change radically undermines a country’s financial status for the more destitution stricken territories as well as each nation also. Environmental change and horticulture are interlaced procedures; both happen on a worldwide scale. The issue about environmental change is that it has an exceptionally moderate increment, for example, a couple of degrees a year. This doesn't appear to be that staggering. Be that as it may, numerous yields are atmosphere based, for example, grains and espresso, grapes utilized for wine creation, and different organic products; even the smallest increment of temperature will and can influence these harvests. Accordingly environmental change is leaving as of now destitution stricken territories like India and northern Africa to anticipate their radical destiny. Albeit low and center pay nations are just answerable for a little level of ozone harming substance outflows, the antagonistic wellbeing impacts related with environmental change will fall excessively on the lower salary nations; this imbalance will additionally worsen worldwide wellbeing variations. The best social danger of environmental change is the means by which it influences medical problems, particularly those in neediness stricken territories. The changing of temperatures will additionally impact the biology of infections, for example, yellow fever, intestinal sickness, and dengue fever; socially the individuals most in danger are the old, youthful, and poor people (McMichael). A large number of individuals underneath the destitution line and those in rustic zones speak to high hazard populaces who are presented to horde wellbeing dangers, including poor sanitation, contamination, lack of healthy sustenance, and a steady deficiency of clean drinking water (Dhiman). Environmental change is as of now negatively affecting the affordable standings of destitution stricken nations; continuing with the endless loop of social annihilation, environmental change appears to have no shortcoming. For example, the mid year of 2010 was the most sultry summer on record in India, with temperatures arriving at a record normal of 122 degrees Fahrenheit. The impacts were boundless: crops die, domesticated animals were murdered, and a large number of individuals were hospitalized or executed (Burke). An investigation of 12 all around urban regions noticed a 2. 80 †5. 08 percent expansion in death rate for every one degree increment over 29 degrees Celsius (Hajat). India has the most elevated measure of individuals living and enduring with AIDS; environmental change influences the examination and potential arrangements of warding off AIDS and different maladies. With constrained assets, for example, water accessible in addition to the fact that it is difficult to make immunizations and fixes it opens up a remarkable measure of potential passings. When taking a gander at the corporate organizations and the fixing of the human territory; the United Nations has endorsed numerous associations to follow environmental change, for example, the UNEP, the World Meteorological Organization and the IPCC. Since the mid-eighties, these organizations have checked the changes, yet have bombed o pass on the importance. Studies done by these organizations have reasoned that the most recent fifty years are owing to human exercises and large partnerships which lead to the changing in the creations of the environment all through the 21st century (Saltori). These exercises that are referenced are those by methods for organizations that developed into national aggregates. Simultaneous with business development, the ozone harming substance emanations have grown 70% from 1970 to 2004 (Lehner). Ongoing investigations have demonstrated that 122 partnerships produce 80% of ozone harming substances (IPCC). The atmosphere is going to radically change the world always, however to whose detriment? What precisely does the political distinction of these organizations have to do with environmental change and neediness? The appropriate response lies in one more horrible endless cycle. Organizations utilize a large number of individuals empowering the incitement of the economy. The individuals consequently buy and live off of the cash from the organizations. Nonetheless, in addition to the fact that people are living off the organizations, yet they are likewise adding to and empowering to the creation of ozone depleting substance emanations. Internationally, we as a human progress have gotten acclimated with these combinations to endure, or so we ruminate. Destitution stricken territories do not have these 122 global organizations, yet they despite everything feel their fierceness. There is, nonetheless, without a doubt a silver covering; the organizations and their bringing of our decimation may likewise be the way in to our endurance. We realize that these 122 organizations have in a manner fixed our destiny; yet they likewise carry a lot more credits to the table. These organizations are fit for invigorating the economy, propelling innovation and are sufficiently practiced to lead the world to better wellbeing conditions. The UN set up an adaption reserve to help creating nations adapt to environmental change. With every one of these endeavors just eighty million dollars was raised, which was miniscule to the real sum required. The United Nations and their authorizations additionally built up a displaced person program for these immature nations; turning into an outcast nation is more enthusiastically than overcoming world harmony. They built up a three level program to assist these nations with rules and guidelines set up that become increasingly extreme at each level. This program has built up these exacting principles, in order to not have a repeat of the outcasts after World War II. The income from the organizations would effectively have the option to help the hindrances they have made. When these authorizations produced using the UN and aggregates can understand that they are the carrier of demolition and furthermore the conceivable guardian angel, the world might have the option to inhale all the more without any problem. These organizations are detailing consistent development in pay. The company’s total assets is continually on the ascent while the neediness stricken zones are needing assistance and rendered pointless to the organizations pulverizing impacts on environmental change. The plenitude of income would be an extraordinary assistance whenever gave to those assents made by the UN. In today’s world we face an unforgiving time ahead. Destitution stricken territories are all the more monetarily, socially and politically ill-equipped. The world is changing and it is for the more terrible. Environmental change is influencing each national asset we as a worldwide network need to endure. Immature nations are constrained to their measure of assets and rely upon those to endure. With the atmosphere in the ascent the creation of numerous natural products, vegetables, grains and each country’s staples are all in danger. Countries’ domesticated animals are incorporated under the atmosphere change’s pressure. The changing of the climate influences the warmth, yet in addition the downpour tumble from dry spells to monsoons’ and floods and prompts temperamental clean drinking water supplies. Destitution stricken regions can't deliver certain wellbeing immunizations; environmental change and the changing of cascade genuinely ruin their capacities to make more antibodies and give exact human services. Numerous infections and diseases â€Å"power countries† have and can treat and even fix are not as effectively treatable in those immature nations. The most destroying viewpoint is acknowledging how the organizations we underestimate are driving us to our fate. Delivering 80% of ozone depleting substances is impossible. Is more amazing that these 122 aggregates hold the way in to our salvation. These organizations have the influence, the riches and time to fix their demise and help right their wrongs. A large number of individuals are in danger with the impacts of environmental change. Going â€Å"green† is a straightforward yet magnificent approach to help spare our planet notwithstanding, our endeavors are pointless to those in seriously neediness stricken territories. An opportunity to make mindfulness is presently; an opportunity to stand up is currently; an opportunity to act is presently!

New ways of thinking versus discovery of new data

The Beatles â€Å"There’s nothing you can make that can’t be made, No one you can spare that can’t be spared, no other viable option for you however you can figure out how to be you in time †it’s easy†, this statement is taken from the tune all you need is love by The Beatles. The Beatle’s began as four ordinary individuals and afterward in the 1960 they all come as the gathering called the Beatles. The individuals from The Beatles were Paul Mccartney, John Lennon, Ringo Starr, and George Harrison. We will compose a custom paper test on Monastery Road and Beatles or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The Beatles are one of the most powerful musical crews ever. Today we are going to investigate the early long periods of the Beatles, the raising notoriety of the Beatles profession and the finish of the Beatles. How did the Beatles become a gathering? This is insights concerning the early long stretches of the Beatles. How could they become amazing? The Beatles were four typical individuals who meet each other for quite a while. It required some investment to change their name to the Beatles. The old names were Jonny and the Moondogs, and long john and the scarabs. The Beatles, they truly fitted and took over as the most recognized hero acknowledged as the Beatles. The Beatles began in 1960 (Ktrek, 2005. ) This was where the Beatles included generally their move and popular music dating from 1963 through 1965 The Beatle’s raising acclaim. Next came the center years where the Beatles tried different things with sound and music and furthermore created awesome music more than ever, exciting music past simply move music (Ktrek, 2005. ) The Beatles sound developed logically with every collection coming their direction; finishing with many accepts to be the perfect work of art of exciting music. They made numerous collections now like Rubber Soul in 1965, Revolver in 1966, and a lot more collections. The Beatles had their staggering end; leaving us with a message Let It Be, a melody by the Beatles in 1970. They were on that last long and fruitful street. The Beatles were coming up short on thoughts. Their melody Abby Road is the best tune of this period, however tunes have their dull second. The tunes they did at this period were The White Album, Yellow submarine in 1969, and Hey Jude in 1970. â€Å"Hey Jude don’t make it awful, take a dismal melody it make it better†, this is quote from the tune Hey Jude by the Beatles. The Beatles will never be equivalent to they were previously yet they have raising minutes and have impact numerous individuals on the planet. To their melody Yesterday, to their tune Rubber Soul, to their endured tune Let it be. What was your main tune by the Beatles? What was your preferred time of music by the Beatles? They changed the sound of awesome music leaving it with various sounds, and beats. â€Å"And in the affection you take is equivalent to the adoration you make† that was a statement from the Beatles when they finished. (Ktrek, 2005) The most effective method to refer to Abbey Road and Beatles, Papers

Amazing Psychology Essay Topics

Amazing Psychology Essay Topics Amazing Psychology Essay Topics for Creating Engaging Papers Home›Tips for Students›Amazing Psychology Essay Topics for Creating Engaging Papers Tips for StudentsLarge Database of Intriguing Psychology Essay TopicsBefore starting writing your paper, you need to read the task attentively to fully comprehend what you are required to do. In addition, you should pay meticulous attention to professor’s explanations and hints. Thus, it will be easier for you to examine the matter.Then, read the material given by your professor during lectures. In this way, you will acquire at least basic understanding of the issue you are assigned to explore.The next step is to think about how you are going to answer the posed question. You can devise a plan, compile a table containing essential data about the subject or write a thesis statement that will help you develop your ideas.After making a plan, you should do in-depth research to gather enough information about one of the assigned psychology essay topics.Students sometimes have a great desire to skip the stage of reading and planning, and begin producing their papers alongside undertaking research. Nevertheless, taking these initial steps will make the writing process easier and help you prepare a good academic work.Now it is time to find out what worthy psychology papers areDraw your attention to the following points:It is necessary to arrange the collected material logically to ensure a smooth flow of ideas. The paragraphs of each section and the paper sections themselves have to be closely connected with each other.A specific aspect of your topic has to be discussed in a separate paragraph and be supported with powerful arguments.Thoroughly analyze the data gathered in the course of research to be able to create a solid paper and demonstrate readers a complete understanding of theoretical aspects of the issue.Back up your ideas and point of view with hard facts and/or scientific concepts.Make sure your piece of writ ing is easy to understand. What is more, build grammatically correct sentences. Mind punctuation and spelling, and organize references in accordance with the rules of the chosen citation style.Remember that each body paragraph of psychology papers should provide enough information about the subject and make its critical assessment. It is necessary to find an even balance between the data provided about the issue and its evaluation. Some students do not adhere to this rule. As a result, their works include too many facts and lack thorough evaluation.The most effective way of producing a paper is to structure it according to the chief sub-issues defined within your topic. You should formulate the main idea of each sub-issue and then discuss it by presenting compelling evidence.Choosing Engaging Psychology Essay TopicsDo you consider selecting a subject for your paper challenging? We do understand that picking a great topic is sometimes more complicated than writing the very work, espe cially if you do not have the slightest idea what to begin your search with. Still, the very process is not as difficult as you imagine. You may come across marvelous ideas when reading books, journals, newspapers, participating in class discussions, etc.The most fundamental thing you need to pay attention to when looking for topics for your piece of writing is the specifications laid down by your professor. You should pick a general topic at first. Then, try to make it more specific so that you can clearly highlight all its aspects in your paper.Since psychology is a broad area, you can find numerous topics for your work on the Internet. Browse the web resources relating to psychology and you will definitely pick a great subject.When choosing topics for your psychology papers, it is recommended to pay attention to the ones which you are greatly interested in. Let us explain why. In order to examine the matter properly, you will need to read a considerable amount of material what, c ertainly, requires much time and effort. However, if you deal with the topic which you enjoy, the research process will go smoothly. Avoid too broad subjects, as it is hard to investigate them. It is worth choosing a specific topic. After your choice is made, ensure there are enough online resources providing relevant information about your issue.When choosing psychology essay topics, bear in mind the points described below:Be confident that the topic you have chosen is what you are conversant with. Additionally, make sure it will arouse readers’ attention.Scrutinize online journals and newspapers to find great ideas for your academic work.Check if you are able to properly formulate a firm thesis statement and collect enough accurate data about the subject.Before conducting research, pick several topics. If you see that exploring one of them is difficult, choose another one.If you do not want to face any problems when undertaking research, you should not be in a hurry. In order to establish a strong base for writing your academic paper, you should collect reliable secondary data about your subject and the primary ones if required.By gathering material from primary sources, you will add weight to your essay.After doing research, it is necessary to arrange the data properly and begin composing your paper. Note that it is not advised to express your personal opinion about the analyzed matter when creating a research paper in psychology.Dispelling the MythsRevealing the truth: why “good” girls like “bad” boys.Does the middle age crisis really exist?Déjà vu as a reminder of past experience.Hypnosis is not helpful in reviving memories.Dreams are meaningless.Lie detectors do not always spot cheaters.Mental disorders do not necessarily provoke violence.Psychology Questions about EducationConstant mother’s care is not a key to successful children’s future.A lot of kids are diagnosed with ADHD.Genetics and surroundings: what does influence intelligence?A dvantages of sexual segregation at schools.Gadgets as indispensable elements of the learning process.Positive effect of multicultural education.Educational programs should be focused on developing critical thinking.Academic performance depends on mental abilities.Famous ExperimentsClassical conditioning Pavlov’s experiment.Milgram’s experiment on obedience.SPE conducted by Philip Zimbardo.Volkswagen’s idea of playing stairs.Derren Brown: testing twins.Experiment with a candid camera.Psychology Ideas Relating to Daily RoutineSweets help stay positive.Does music make people depressed?Early recollections influence our current mood.People who frequently move houses are more sociable.What causes addition to social networks?Confidence and proficiency are achieved through practical experience.Feeling of self-pity can be harmful.Positive attitude improves physical well-being.Smile helps people make friends easier.Do you find any of the ideas presented above interesting? Then, pick the topic which attracts your attention and start developing it. With our handy tips, you will manage to create a top-quality paper in psychology deserving positive comments from your professor.

Double consciousness Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Sarah Bruer Writing 140 The Stain of Double Consciousness Double Consciousness has and will always play a dominant role in the relationship between one race and another. By its very nature, race relations are most often the artificial imposition of anothers viewpoint on a specific group of people as well as an individual. This creates an echo in the mind, a second guessing of actions primed with the question, "What will they think? " W. E.B Du Bois coined the term in his 1903 book, The Souls of Black Folk, as, "... this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others" (Du Bois 2). The key word is artificial and once this is realized the concept of double consciousness becomes a tool for positive change and growth. This places the responsibility squarely on the shoulders of the individual, since double consciousness solely exists within the individual. This realization becomes a useful means in dealing with problems of identity and race in America. This view i s supported by both Mr. Du Bois and John H. McWhorter, author of Double Consciousness in Black America. There is another book, a Phillip Roth Novel, The Human Stain, which has some relevance here. We will write a custom essay sample on Double consciousness or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The main character, Coleman Silk, a long career college professor at some prestigious New England University, come to understand the real meaning of double consciousness for both Blacks and Whites. He is Professor of Classics and was installed as Dean of Faculty, the first Jew to attain that position even as late as 1998. One eventful day, noticing the same two empty desks in his classroom for a couple of weeks, he finally asks rhetorically to the class if these two students exist, "or are they just spooks. " Turns out these students, whom he has never seen, are Black and Coleman Silk is asked to resign. Theres just one more thing, a secret. The author gives you a hint in his name: Coleman (Coal / Black) Silk (White), is actually an African American that has been "passing" for White all these years, and a White Jew no less (Roth 2000). The irony is clear and it exists in the double-conscious minds of the Black community today. Coleman Silks predica ment goes to the core of double consciousness, this double standard in not only applicable to African Americans, but to any race of human beings trying to live side by side with another. In this instance Coleman chooses to "opt-out" of his birth race and assumes the identity of a White Jew. Why would he do that? It is the conviction that â€Å"†¦ the ills of Black America can be undone only by Whites, rather than by Blacks themselves† (McWhorter 14).

Frito Lay Organisational Structure Operations Management

A-1 Role of Operations Management a) Operations management refers to all levels of an organisation and how best to efficiently convene, fund, maintain and maximise its services and/or operations, both internal and external. The core goal/objective of operations management it to maximise outputs while reducing and minimising the inputs required to achieve the desired results. Whereas Production management refers to how to best manage, organise and control either a product or service that an organisation is providing. This could be through streamlining manufacture of components by outsourcing services the organisation is not suited for, through to managing the implementation of a product that is being supplied to the end user for best†¦show more content†¦A-2 Relationships to other Organisational Functions a) Typically operations management covers three broad areas of an organisation that helps to produce both products and services at an effective cost in both effort and financial cost. Human Resource management is the art of maintaining staff wellness, benefits and ergonomics to maintain a pleasant working environment for all staff to be apart of. This is critical for success so that staff produce quality products and services with minimal driving from management. Production management is the organising and planning of staff and assets required to produce products and services, this could be ranging from organising staff to install equipment located on another continent through to the selection and purchasing of new plant to increase production in a manufacturing facility. Procurement of raw material and sub contractor labour is also the direct responsibility of the operations manager. This is to allow for the seamless arrival of the right raw materials and subcontracted components in to the production process so that there are no wasted time delays and rework of parts and components. Materials and subcontracted labour/parts must be supplied at the right quality, in the right quantity at the right price for the project to be successful. b) Although Operations management is a keyShow MoreRelatedCoca Cola vs Pepsi: Background1918 Words   |  8 Pagesproduces their first advertising campaign for radio and jukebox: ‘Pepsi Cola Hits The Spot, Twelve Full Ounces That’s A Lot, Twice As Much For| |A Nickel, Too, Pepsi Cola Is The Drink For You’. During this time Coca Cola has established bottling operations in Bordeaux, Paris, Philippines’ | |establishing a global distribution network of resources. Resulting in a huge group investment of $25 million persuaded by Ernest Woodruff who would become| |President of Coke in 1923. The investmentRead MoreMarketing Strategy Analysis of Coca Cola3259 Words   |  14 Pagesenvironment. 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I Don’t Even Know Free Essays

Rebekah Newby March 28, 2013 Psychology Mr. Zeglin Road to Perdition Throughout Road to Perdition, Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is evident mostly through the Post-Conventional stage in the abstract moral reasoning and quest for fairness by the main characters. Throughout the movie it follows an orphan named Mike Sullivan who’s raised by a crime boss by the name of Jeff Rooney. We will write a custom essay sample on I Don’t Even Know or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mike Sullivan then becomes a hit man for Jeff Rooney. One night while on the job Sullivan’s own son Mike Sullivan Jr. witnesses him doing his job by killing someone. Sullivan makes his son promise to keep what he saw a secret. He then swears that his son will keep the secret and not tell anyone but Rooney’s biological son Connor is not satisfied with this. Connor then goes and kills Sullivan’s wife and younger child. This causes Sullivan to have to make some difficult choices while fleeing Chicago with his son Mike Jr. Right in the beginning of the movie we witness Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development through the fact that Sullivan becomes involved in crime like Rooney. This shows the Conventional stage of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development because the Conventional stage states that in this stage one is more concerned with behaving in their own social roles expected of them by society. Society expects Sullivan to become involved in crime just like Rooney did because Sullivan didn’t really have parental figures and Rooney was his only real parental figure in life. Depending on the way that one looks at it some may argue that this could also be the Post-Conventional stage. The Post-Conventional stage states that in this stage one will go through what they have to go through to get fairness. One could argue that becoming a hit man to protect Rooney could be Post Conventional because Sullivan may feel as though it is fair to do this since Rooney raised him like a son. We can also see the Post-Conventional Stage of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development through the series of bank robberies done by Sullivan and his son. After the killing of his family Sullivan requests help from Al Capone in order to get revenge on Connor. Sullivan is declined by Al Capone and goes on a spree of bank robberies in order to get Capone to release information on Conner’s whereabouts. This is an example of the Post-Conventional stage Kohlberg’s theory because Sullivan is able to think abstractly and is able follow his own moral codes. Sullivan is able to go outside of cultural morals and norms and make his own morals based on the situation at hand. Unlike the conventional stage Sullivan is able to think in the Post Conventional stage and get revenge on those who harmed his family. The Post-Conventional stage of Moral Development is also seen closer to the ending after Maguire shoots Sullivan and Mike Jr. grabs the gun and nearly shoots Maguire. This stage of moral development is post conventional because Mike Jr. ’s motivation to kill Maguire is concerned with his quest for fairness and his own moral codes of killing one who kills your family. Some could also argue that this scene shows the Conventional stage where people do what society expects them to do. This shows the Conventional stage because Mike Jr. ’s father was a hit man and had the same moral philosophies. So, as a result of having a father like Sullivan society will automatically expect him to be violent and on a path to crime like other men in his family. However, in the end Mike Jr. goes against this and he exemplifies the Post-Conventional stage by not becoming involved in crime like his father. He shows his ability to think outside of the social norms and social expectations by doing something other than crime like his father and grandfather had done. To summarize, throughout The Road to Perdition, Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development we can see Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development in many ways. We mainly see the theory through the Post Conventional and Conventional stages. We are able to see these stages through the quests for fairness by Sullivan and Mike Jr. We are also able to see it through the abstract moral thinking done by Sullivan throughout the film. How to cite I Don’t Even Know, Papers

Subject identity Essay Example For Students

Subject identity Essay Canterbury Christ Church University (2005) is a university that uses its website for potential students to download an ICT audit that can be used to identify any basic skills students will need to improve in order to study at their university. Their website specifies how important ICT skills are at university as it underpins all of your studies. Students will also be required to be able to email to communicate with staff and students, to word process essays and assignments, to use the internet to search for information and possibly to use subject-specific software for their course. Even student that have not studied ICT at college or even at university level still will be required to have some basic ICT skills and these might very well be the skills learned before leaving school, which again shows the importance of school leavers leaving with skills for life, that they can in the future be able to use in many situations and build from these skills. Lastly what do employers want from school leavers, well already we know that 60% of existing and 90% of new jobs require some ICT skills and according to Kings School (2006) Almost every employer needs staff with good ICT skills so its a biggie! We will write a custom essay on Subject identity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Again no reference is made to interpret what is classed as good ICT skills and to what level, but assuming as this is a school website they would be referring to skills taught up to KS4. More jobs are requiring computers skills and according to Integrated System Technologies Limited (2006) in a recent employer survey by e-Skills UK has identified significant shortfalls in the UKs e-Skills capability. e-skills UK acts as the voice of employers on IT, Telecoms and Contact Centres. They surveyed over 3,200 businesses looking at employer skill needs relating to IT within their organisations, and current skill deficiencies. From the survey it seems the skills required by business are word processing, database and spreadsheet skills, especially as it states Forty-four per cent of businesses reporting skills gaps said staff lacked word processing skills, 44 per cent lacked database skills, and 43 per cent lacked spreadsheet skills. 6. Critically evaluation of the secondary National Curriculum for ICT. When the National Curriculum for IT was devised in 1995, it was written in a non-specific way so that developments over a five year period could be allowed for. Neither the Programmes of Study nor the Attainment Target Level Descriptions mention word processing, spreadsheets or multimedia authoring, or particular types of software. The lack of details provided little help for teachers who where unfamiliar with ICT and many teachers were uncertain about what the ICT National Curriculum Programmes of Study really meant. To counter this problem, both the DfES and the QCA issued schemes of work and resources to support the teaching and learning of ICT from KS1 to KS3 to provide teachers with the tools to teach ICT capability. The schemes of work gave examples of the types of activities which were appropriate for covering various aspects of the IT curriculum. These schemes of work where software dependent and, in many cases used Microsoft Office software (Ager 1999). The National Curriculum was further revised in 1999 when IT was renamed Information and Communication Technology (ICT). However, programmes of study in England were now grouped around the major themes of finding things out; developing ideas and making things happen; exchanging and sharing information; reviewing modelling and evaluating work as it progresses (DfES 1999), although there was still the flexibility to be able to teach the subject using any software and however you like, as long at the national curriculum is followed. The National curriculum for ICT could still be improved to incorporate new skills and knowledge, for example including more multimedia skills, as ICT is constantly changing and therefore the curriculum is in need of updating. .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c , .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .postImageUrl , .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c , .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:hover , .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:visited , .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:active { border:0!important; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:active , .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e1c5c1968d500b8e2aec7237f86b47c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Identity and Afterlife EssayThe key to how ICT should be taught would be that at KS3 the curriculum should be to build on the technical skills developed during KS1 and KS2 and develop the higher order skills required for success at KS4. 7. Conclusion In conclusion this report has emphasised the importance of ICT, with the ever increasing use of technology making ICT an essential skill for life. It has also shown the importance of ICT having capability encompasses not only the mastery of technical skills and techniques, but also the understanding to apply these skills purposefully in learning, everyday life and employment, and to be able to have life long learning. Also that the National Curriculum alone is not enough for most teachers and therefore schemes of work were introduced, which still is not the perfect solution and with time they will all need to be updated as ICT is a constantly altering, which was also partly the reason the national curriculum was created so vague. As a result of the author findings it is clear that ICT is now a skill for life, and should be taught discreetly, with the application of ICT capability across other subjects. 8. Bibliography Ager, R. (1999). Information and Communication Technology in Primary Schools Children or Computers in Control? London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd. Canterbury Christ Church University (2005) Studying in H. E ICT. . Available from: URL: http://www. canterbury. ac. uk/plpp/ict. asp . Clarke, A. What is ICT Skill for Life? . Available from: URL: http://www. bbc. co. uk/ictcoach/kb/alanclarke. shtml . DfEE (1997) Excellence in Schools. Cited in Ager, R. (1999) Information and Communication Technology in Primary Schools Children or Computers in Control? London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd. DfEE (1998). Teaching: High Stakes, High Standards. Requirements for Courses of Initial Teacher Training. Cited in Ager, R. (1999) Information and Communication Technology in Primary Schools Children or Computers in Control? London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd. DfES (2002). Framework for teaching ICT capability: Years 7, 8 and 9. London: DfES Publications. .. Available from: URL: http://publications. teachernet. gov. uk/eOrderingDownload/dfes-0697-2002FrameworkForTeachingICTCapabilitySummary. pdf . DfES (2004). Key Stage 3 National Strategy ICT across the curriculum Management Guide. . Available from: URL: http://www. standards. dfes. gov. uk/keystage3/downloads/ictac_man_gd017204. pdf . Integrated System Technologies Limited (2006). Employer survey identifies significant shortfalls in the UKs e-Skills . Available from: URL: http://www. istl. com/ict/article-employer-survey. htm . Kings School (2006). What are employers looking for? . Available from: URL: http://www. kings-winchester. hants. sch. uk/folders/student_zone/work_related_learning/what_are_employers_looking_for. cfm . Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) (1999) Secondary subject reports 1998 /9 Information Technology. Cited in Hammond, M. ICT: the subject. . Available from: URL: http://www. ict-tutors. co. uk/? thissection=5thispage=1layout=1thissheet=2 . Ofsted subject reports (2001/02) Information and communication technology in secondary schools. Cited in DfES (2004). Key Stage 3 National Strategy ICT across the curriculum Management Guide. . Available from: URL: http://www. standards. dfes. gov. uk/keystage3/downloads/ictac_man_gd017204. pdf . QCA (2006) Programmes of study: Information and communication technology (Key stage 3) University of Wolverhampton (2006). IT Services Acronym/Jargon Buster. . Available from: URL: http://asp2. wlv. ac. uk/its/website/everyone/its_jargon. htm . Wikipedia contributers (2006a). Computer Studies. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. . Available from: URL: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Computer_Studies .

A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective The WritePass Journal

A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective Introduction A Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective , p.24). Based on this, it is clear that the authoritarian approach is not viable, and as a result, it is not logical to oppose the personalised approach based on Hulls perspective since he does not take into account preferences and expectations of the participants. In addition, Freud’s research asserts that the process of hypnosis would give better results when the subject was on deep trance. Like Hull, Freud adopted the authoritarian technique in a more assertive manner hoping that he would get better results (Sofroniou 2010, p.12). He was particularly interested in the technique because he believed that it was the perfect way of accessing forgotten events and emotions, a cathartic process, which gave relief to his clients. However, Freud became uncomfortable with hypnosis because his patients did not respond uniformly to the process. He was also afraid that the direct suggestion technique might do away with symptoms that were important for the clients to retain. In addition, Freud had worries over the sexual perceptions that surrounded the hypnotic process, which labelled a client as ‘giving herself’ emotionally to the psychiatrist. Because of these reasons, as well as lack of sufficient experience with hypnosis both throu gh research and clinically, Freud decided to quit hypnosis (Zeig Munion 1999, p.48-49). If Freud had adopted the permissive approach, he would have succeeded because the personalised approach relies on suggestions that are in line with the client’s expectations, desires and likes, and as a result, the clients could not lose any important symptom. The permissive technique would also help him to eliminate the ill-sexual perception, since it gives the client greater responsibility unlike the authoritarian technique. State and the role theory Advocates of the state theory, which asserts that hypnotic induction arouses a unique modified state of consciousness in the patient, base their argument on the notable changes that occur to the brain during hypnosis, and to the dramatic effects, which hypnosis can cause such as the disappearance of warts and insensitivity to pain. They also claim that sometimes, both hypnotised and non-hypnotised participants take instructions differently. For instance, in a certain study, both the hypnotised and non-hypnotised were told to run their hands through their hair once they heard the word ‘experiment. The pretenders carried out the suggestion only when the psychiatrist said the word, but the hypnotised participants complied regardless of who gave the suggestion (Coon, Mitterer, Talbot Vanchella, 2010, p.194). Based on this, opponents of the personalised induction claim that the authoritative approach is as effective as the permissive approach. They support their claim by asserting that participants who do not respond to the permissive technique can respond to the authoritarian technique effectively, particularly those who respect authoritarian figures in their life. Moreover, advocates of the role theory assert that hypnosis is not a special state of consciousness. They argue that some of the changes linked with hypnosis can also take place without it. They claim that hypnotised people just comply with the demands of the situation, and act in conformity with a special role. From this point of view, hypnosis provides a socially logical reason to comply with someone’s suggestions, in the same way as a physical exam, which provides a logical reason of removing clothes on request. Supporters of the role theory justify their claims by arguing that non-hypnotised participants sometimes exhibit behaviours that are usually linked with hypnosis (Bernstein Nash, 2008, p.153). Based on this, I disagree with the opponents of the personalised induction who adopt the role theory to support their stance, because the theory rejects the idea of hypnosis without providing concrete reasons. The dissociation theory The dissociation theory provides substantial reasons why the personalised inductions should be adopted during the hypnotic process. The theory suggests that hypnosis is not a single specific state, but the general condition, which temporarily reorganises our normal control over actions and thoughts. Dissociation allows body movements to occur under voluntary control and the involuntary processes to be controlled voluntarily. As Hilgard proposed this theory, he asserted that the relaxation of control occurs because of the social agreement between the hypnotist and the hypnotised person to share control (Bernstein Nash, 2008, p.153-154). In other words, the theory supports the idea that for the process to be effective, the participant should be an active participant, something advocated in the personalised induction approach. Modern hypnosis Based on contemporary hypnosis, a personalised induction seems to be the most effective approach in hypnosis. The approach takes into account the client’s values, desires, and it views the subjects as active participants. It also supports the idea that it is imperative to have the patient as relaxed as possible, get them involved in the in the process, and discuss the expectations and goals of attending the therapy with the client. Furthermore, the modern hypnotherapist starts the therapy session by establishing a rapport with their patients, which is a key aspect of the personalised induction approach (Gaschler 2009, p.21). In the course of the personalised induction, strong relationships between the clients and the therapist are necessary in order to ensure the client is fully involved in the process. Learning Modalities Overtime, personalised induction has stood out as the best because it takes into consideration learning modalities, which are key channels through which people receive, store, and give information. Modality is comprised of perception, sensation, and memory and the key senses include smell, taste, visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic. Knowledge of modalities enables therapists to personalise screeds for each client. When a patients modalities are ascertained, it becomes easy to discuss with them in a way that makes them feel comfortable and relaxed (Hogan LaBay 2007, p.226-239). As a result, it becomes easy to achieve the objective of the therapy. Conclusion The above discussion has suggested that personalised induction is more effective than the authoritarian approach. This is because we have different likes, dislikes, desires, perceptions, and we come from different cultural backgrounds. Consequently, to achieve remarkable results in the process of hypnosis, the hypnotist should take into consideration all this aspects. Although a standardized approach (authoritative approach) can be effective in some instances, it only works on subjects who respect the authoritative figures. Moreover, the authoritative technique assumes that all people react in the same manner to suggestions. However, this should not be the case since we possess different traits. Thus, the personalised induction or the permissive approach is the only method through which noteworthy results can be achieved during the hypnotic process, since it acknowledges that we have different likes, dislikes, perceptions and that we come from diverse cultural backgrounds. References Bernstein, D. A., Nash, P. W. (2008). Essentials of psychology. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin. Chapman, R. A. (2006). The clinical use of hypnosis in cognitive behavior therapy a practitioners casebook. New York, NY, Springer Pub. Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O., Talbot, S., Vanchella, C. M. (2010). Introduction to psychology: gateways to mind and behavior. Belmont, Calif, Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Erickson, M. H., Rossi, E. L., Ryan, M. O. (1998). Mind-body communication in hypnosis. London, Free Association. Gaschler, T. (2009). Modern hypnosis techniques Pt. 1. Pt. 1. [Bad Sachsa], Steiner. Hamill, D. (2012). An Introduction to Hypnosis Hypnotherapy. Bolton, MA, eBookIt.com. Hawkins, P. (2006). Hypnosis and stress a guide for clinicians. Chichester, England, Wiley. Hogan, K., LaBay, M. (2007). Through the Open Door: Secrets of Self-hypnosis. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing. James, U. (2006). Clinical hypnosis textbook: a guide for practical intervention. Oxford, Radcliffe Publishing. Pintar, J., Lynn, S. J. (2009). Hypnosis a Brief History. Chichester, John Wiley Sons Sheehan, L. (2005). Basic Hypnosis Manual. Raleigh, North Carolina: Lulu. Simpkins, C. A. (2001). Self-Hypnosis: Plain and Simple. Tuttle Pub. Sofroniou, A. (2010). The misinterpretation of Sigmund Freud. [Raleigh, N.C. ], Lulu Com. Zeig, J. K., Munion, W. M. (1999). Milton H. Erickson. London, Sage Publications.

When Time is Money Charging by the Hour

When Time is Money Charging As a freelancer or copywriter, charging per hour rather than per word (or page) seems daunting – especially with projects that take up several weeks of your time. But, time is money. Here’s how to figure out which payment method is best: Setting a Rate Pricing yourself Sites like LinkedIn, PeoplePerHour, Freelancer and fellow-freelancer’s websites will help you gauge the market. Use this Freelance Hourly Rate Calculator from All Indie Writers (http://allindiewriters.com/freelance-hourly-rate-calculator/) to help you calculate your rate. I started small, charging $10 an hour at first, then worked myself up to $25 when I suddenly realized I had more clients and less time. Experience matters. People will pay for it. Per hour? Charging per hour can benefit both you and your client. A 10,000-word project at 50 cents per word will run your client $5, 000, but at $20 per hour (assuming you go through 500 words per hour), it would be $400 (20 hours). You might also decide to go with per-hour because the final word count is unsure or you’re working within a time-frame. I started charging per hour when singer-songwriter Rea le Roux came to me for a press release to announce the start of a new hip-hop dancing group to encourage the local youth. We couldn’t agree on a word count, and the piece had to be translated into Afrikaans. So, I charged per hour, for two hours of work: One hour of interviewing and research, and an hour of writing, translating and editing. For you, charging per hour could make it easier to calculate (and reach) your goal salary: The more hours you put in, the better you can get paid. Time: What factors into that measurement? Time is money, but what is time? Think about what will factor into your per-hour charge beforehand: Time spent writing, editing and proofing are obvious, but what about your travel time and any additional research? Account for weekends and off days: How many hours aren’t you working? Incorporate these when issuing quotes, progress reports and statements. You might also need more time, say, if you or your client ends up in the hospital, or if your laptop crashes. Both have happened to me. Run a timer when actively working to include researching, writing and translating. Keep a list of what you did, when you did it, and how much time you put into it. Send this break-down to your client to show them what they are paying for. Bathroom breaks, trips to the store, and feeding the cats aren’t deductible. Be willing to negotiate, but decide beforehand how much room for negotiation you will allow, as you would negotiating for a car. You don’t want to be out-negotiated. In other words, know your budget. What’s your type? When you’re typing against the clock, speed matters. Learning to type quicker will save you time, too. Use Wapsilon.com to test and improve your typing speed;   Typingstudy.com   and   Typingclub.com are great places to learn touch-typing, which can make you work faster, more effectively, giving you time for more clients.

Scholastic Methods in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Scholastic Methods in Education - Essay Example The scholastic environment, including factors like a supportive school atmosphere and the classroom context as well as language barriers, was determined to be directly related to teacher satisfaction (Lam, 2006; Bai, 1995). As our understanding of how children learn has grown, the many ways we teach children has also improved. The scholastic environment is intended to act as a cushion and protects the psychological well-being of children as they develop (Lam, 2006). Research has indicated that a teacher’s effect on their students is often the result of the students’ psychological responses to the teacher’s behavior (Wei, Brok & Zhou, 2009). Studies have shown that children can begin learning from birth and as they age and grow, their ability to learn new ideas and concepts also grows (Sharp, Ward, and Hankin, 2009). The reputation of a school and its influence on the life of the community invariably depend on the kind of teachers working in it. Of many dimensions , the following facets for measuring Teacher Job Satisfaction include: professionalism, teacher learning, innovation, and interpersonal relations (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010) Professionalism relates to job security and social prestige, molding young minds, appreciation from others, and the ability to help students resolve their problems (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010). ...  Inter-personal relations are associated with relationships with colleagues, parents, students, higher authorities or any personnel relative to school (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010). Despite the establishment of these criterions, measuring the teacher’s level of job satisfaction remains a difficult task (Suryanarayana and Luciana, 2010). It is estimated that 157,000 teachers exit the field every year and an additional 232,000 others change schools in pursuit of better working conditions found in prestigious, higher-performing schools (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008). Combined, this repre sents approximately 12% of the teaching workforce, excluding the teachers that leave due to retirement (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008). The exit of teachers from the profession and the movement of teachers away from low-performing schools are costly phenomena in regards to the loss students in the value of being taught by an experienced teacher, schools and districts must recruit and train their replacements, and the overall costs financial of teacher attrition (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008). Fiduciary repercussions can vary widely by district and may include signing bonuses, subject matter stipends, and other recruiting costs specific to the educational forum, totaling an estimated $7.34 billion to hire, recruit, and train the replacement teachers (Alliance for Excellent Education, 2008).

Euthanasia, is it murder or mercy Research Paper

Euthanasia, is it murder or mercy - Research Paper Example Finally, I have evaluated the one of the case studies according to the ethics theories of Immanuel Kant and Utilitarianism. I chose this topic because my grandmother in Ukraine suffered from bad health and was hospitalized for eight years before she died naturally. I saw how painful it was for her to live and for my father and his sister to took care of her alone at home. Being a Christian Catholick, I was against euthanasia before i did this research. This research taught me that euthanasia is often mercy rather than murder since it saves the patient agony and the relatives their time, energy and money. The other day, I was interviewing one of my class fellows’ parents. I had heard from my class fellow, Bob, that he had lately lost a younger sister, Maria, after she was badly injured in a car accident. I approached her parents for the interview. They said that as soon as Maria was driven over by the car, she was bleeding heavily. She was immediately hospitalized. Although the operation had been performed, there was little hope that she would survive. Maria was apparently in comma, but the doctors expressed no hope for her survival even if she temporarily recovered from the comma. Three weeks had passed since the accident. Maria’s family kept visiting her regularly. ... However, they decided not to donate. A day after that, Maria died. Overwhelmed with the grief of losing their daughter, Maria’s parents asked the doctor if her organs would still be needed, but the doctors expressed that her organs were dead and were no more useful for Gene. Besides, the law forbade them to retrieve organs from a dead body. The news that Gene had first lost her vision and then died of the kidney malfunction only added to their grief. They felt like they had not lost one daughter, but two! The parents were in shock. I also observed my two friends who work as nurses in the Brooklyn hospitals Coney Island and Maimonides. When I asked their opinion about euthanasia, both of them spoke in its favor. They said they worked with terminally ill people on a daily basis. Their condition is miserable. There are a lot of patients that have been hospitalized for years and years. In the start, their children used to come to see them, but many of them have been abandoned with the passage of time. The quality of medical care, the environment and the room that a patient receives accords with the fee that the patients’ relatives pay. Thus, many patients have been hospitalized by their children in the cheapest rooms available in an attempt to minimize the hospital expenses. The nurses also told me that in some cases, they were left with no option but to transfer the patients to the old house for the children broke all contact with the doctors and never showed up again. I also personally went to the hospitals and talked to some terminally ill patients. The dryness of their speech and look reflected their intrinsic desire for death. Two patients burst into tears as soon as I started to speak to them. I saw numerous patients in comma that had

IntelliP: Effective Mechanism for Resource Monitoring

IntelliP: Effective Mechanism for Resource Monitoring IntelliP: Effective Mechanism for Resource Monitoring in Private Cloud Vivekanand Adam Abstract—Cloud computing paradigm makes huge virtualized compute resources available to users as pay-as-you-go style. Resource monitoring is the premise of many major operations such as network analysis, management, job scheduling, load balancing, billing, event predicting, fault detecting, and fault recovery in Cloud computing. Cloud computing is more complicated than ordinary network owing to its heterogeneous and dynamic characteristics. Hence, it is a vital part of the Cloud computing system to monitor the existence and characteristics of resources, services, computations, and other entities. Monitoring data between hosts and servers should be consistent, and data transfer from hosts to servers should be efficient. In this paper, I will use an effective mechanism for resource monitoring called IntelliP which is based on a modified push model. It reduces useless monitoring data coherency between hosts and servers in CloudStack. Keywords—Cloud computing, Monitoring, self-adaptive, coherency, CloudStack, IntelliP. I. Introduction Cloud computing has rapidly emerged as a method for service delivery over TCP/IP networks such as the Internet. It disrupts the traditional IT computing environment by providing organizations with an option to outsource the hosting and operations of their mission-critical business applications. Cloud computing paradigm makes huge virtualized compute resources available to users as pay-as-you-go style. Resource monitoring is the premise of many major operations such as network analysis, management, job scheduling, load balancing, billing, event predicting, fault detecting, and fault recovery in Cloud computing. Cloud computing is more complicated than ordinary network owing to its heterogeneous and dynamic characteristics. Hence, it is a vital part of the Cloud computing system to monitor the existence and characteristics of resources, services, computations, and other entities. Apache CloudStack [1] is one of the most popular open source IaaS solutions. CloudStack is the best choice of all open source clouds to migrate the services and integrated the maximum security level in its architecture [2]. In IaaS Cloud environments, two aspects should be considered: 1. IaaS hardware and software: In Cloud environment, there are various kinds of hardware and software, including physical hosts, network devices, storage devices and databases. Monitoring system should obtain the performance data of these hardware and software, and report the real-time running status. 2. The Cloud user’s resources: Everything the user has in the Cloud. These are instances, disk volumes, guest networks, templates, ISOs, etc. For all these components, the Cloud user needs clear and reliable knowledge of their status. My goal is to develop an effective monitoring system for CloudStack which will use an effective mechanism for resource monitoring called IntelliP which is based on a modified push model and it reduces useless monitoring data coherency between hosts and servers. The monitoring system can collect utilization information from both physical and virtual resources. The monitoring metrics should be accurate, i.e. they are as close as possible to the real value to be measured. This can help the administrators know the status of Cloud system, and give end users a clear view of their resources in Cloud. II. Background This existing monitoring system named SCM is proposed to monitoring the Apache CloudStack platform [3]. SCM is a flexible monitoring system supporting for cloud environments, which can monitor both physical and virtual resources. SCM users can choose their interested metrics and set a custom interval. In order to meet these requirements, SCM needs a well-designed user interface, and flexible, dynamic data sources. In Clouds, monitoring metrics are also important to the billing systems, job scheduling and other Cloud components. Because of the characteristics of Cloud environment, the monitoring metrics will be dynamically changed and the volume of data may become very large, a scalable and high performance storage system is needed. The SCM monitoring system has four main functionalities, which are metric collection, information processing and storage, metric display, alert. The architecture of the SCM monitoring system is shown figure 1. Collectors In Apache CloudStack environment, the hosts have different meanings [1]. These hosts may be physical or virtual, customer instances or system virtual machines, so the metrics need to be collected vary with the host’s type. In the SCM monitoring system, they use collectors as the data sources which are deployed on each host. These collectors can easily be configured to collect different metrics. In fact, the collector Figure1. The architecture of the SCM monitoring offers a framework, in which users can develop their own programs to collect metrics they interested in. The collector periodically retrieves performance metric values from the host, e.g. cpu usage, memory usage, disk I/O. When the host becomes management server or storage server, the performance metrics of MySQL, tomcat, NFS and other CloudStack components are also collected. As mentioned above, CloudStack has different network traffics on a host, some of traffics do not to need be monitored. The collector monitors the public and storage traffics. The collector also monitors the network devices through SNMP. These metric values are then pushed to SCM Server. The SCM server The SCM server is the core of the SCM monitoring system. There are five main modules of the SCM server. Host aggregator is used to aggregate the metric values from the collectors. A host aggregator may receive metric values from a lot of collectors. Apache CloudStack provides an API that gives programmatic access to all the management features. They designed the platform aggregator to communicate with ACS management servers and call the ACS API through HTTP to get the CloudStack related information, such as the version of CloudStack and how many zones, pods, clusters and hosts in the current environment, etc. After a pre-set time, the aggregators send the metrics to the storage module. The storage module is used to communicate with the storage system, putting the metric values into the storage system or getting values from it. The storage module receives the metrics from the aggregators and stores all these data locally, when the metrics file is large enough, it puts the metrics into the storage system. This can reduce the I/O operations on the storage system. The statistics module is a data processing module. It analyses the metric values from the storage module and provides the average, minimal, maximum, performance outliers, etc. To improve the availability of the ACS, abnormal running information should be reported to the Cloud users immediately. The alert module obtains exceptions from statistics and records the information, and then notifies the Cloud user. If the ACS scale is large, there are hundreds or thousands of hosts, multiple SCM Servers may be needed for load balance. The SCM Client The metric values are organized as a tuple (metric name, timestamp, value, tags), these tuple are not friendly to the Cloud users. So just collecting various resource utilizations information is not enough to explain the observed performance of hosts or applications. In order to let the Cloud users easily to understand the meaning of these metric values, it is very important to display information in a simple and flexible way. The SCM Client gives an overview of the whole system, and displays the metric values in time series graphs with several filters, which is used to help the Cloud users quickly find the minimal or maximal of the current metric value or calculate the average performance in a period of time. Also the Cloud users can customize the graphs by selecting the metric names and tags in tuples. Then only the interested metric values will be displayed in the user interface. Storage system The metric values need to be stored persistently for analysis as well as displayed on the fly. Resources in the Cloud change dynamically and the deployment of the Cloud is large. Monitoring such distributed system may produce a large amount of metric values. So the storage system should be scalable and flexible, with the ability to collect many thousands of metrics from thousands of hosts and applications at a high rate. Above system uses pure push model for data collection [3], hosts initiatively send running status (CPU, memory, I/O, etc.) to a monitoring server. This model has better real-time, and makes the monitoring data between hosts and servers higher in coherency, but lower in efficiency. Usually, the push model is triggered by a time interval or exceeding a threshold. The value of time interval and threshold is important to this model. If the value is too small, even a little change on hosts may make the status information deliver to monitoring servers over a network. This may cause network congestion. If the value is too big, a lot of useful information may be ignored. It consist useless monitoring data coherency between hosts and servers. A pure Push or Pull model is not suited for many different kinds of virtualized resources III. Related work In Clouds, resource monitoring is the premise of job scheduling, load balancing, billing and many other major operations. Therefore, data coherency and real-time are important indicators for a monitoring system of Clouds. Elastic compute is one of the main characters of Clouds, resources in Clouds change dynamically. So the monitoring system should adapt to this kind of situation. To solve the above problem He Huang and Liqiang Wang proposed a combined push and pull model called PP model for resource monitoring in Cloud computing environment [4]. The PP model inherits the advantages of Push and Pull models. It can intelligently switch between Push and Pull models depending on the resource status and external customer request. But the combination of the push model and pull model is more complex to the pure push model and pull model. When there are a large number of requests, event driven method will increase the load on the monitoring servers, and the servers will become the bottleneck. The switch between push and pull has some extra costs [4] and it consist useless monitoring data coherency between hosts and servers. In an attempt to minimize unnecessary and useless updating massages, and maximize the consistency between the producer and consumer. Wu-Chun Chung and Ruay-Shiung Chang [5] have proposed GRIR (Grid Resource Information Retrieval), which is considered a new algorithm for resource monitoring in grid computing to improve Push model. They examined a set of data delivery protocols for resource monitoring in the push-based model, such as the OSM (OffsetSensitive Mechanism) protocol, the TSM (Time-Sensitive Mechanism) protocol, and the hybrid ACTC (Announcing with Change and Time Consideration) protocol. This hybrid protocol is based on a dynamically adjusted update time interval and the consideration for early update when the change is larger than a dynamic threshold. IV. Proposed solution We can use a self-adaptive mechanism for resource monitoring in Cloud computing environment based on push model. As mentioned earlier, push model has better coherency, but lower efficiency in small threshold situation. We can set up a transportation window to store metrics before they are delivered to the monitoring server. We can design an algorithm to control data delivery. The design of the Self adaptive Push Model Monitoring data between hosts and servers should be consistent, and data transfer from hosts to servers should be efficient. In this section, I introduce a self-adaptive push model called IntelliP, which is based on a modified push model. It reduces useless monitoring data coherency between hosts and servers. IntelliP has a transportation window, as shown in following figure 2. Figure 2: A push model with transportation window. When collectors get metrics from adapters on hosts, instead of delivering these data to servers immediately, they put these metrics into the transportation window. The window accepts a new metric and then compares it with the average value of the former metrics. (1) If diff is smaller than the current threshold, collectors put the metric into the window and keep accepting new data, otherwise, deliver the metric to monitoring server and empty the window. When the window is full deliver the average value of the metrics in the window to monitoring servers. The size of transportation window is not fixed, in order to adapt to the dynamically changing situation of Clouds the window size changes too. Small size means that resources change frequently, and large size hosts are running in a stable status. When the window is full, that means in the past periods of time, hosts were running in a stable status, and the next few periods may still in this status, so the size of window adds one. If diff is bigger than the threshold, it shows that CPU usage, Memory, I/O throughput or other resources of a host changed suddenly. This may indicate that the host becomes active. An IntelliP data delivery control algorithm At this moment, the window size reduces to half of the original size, so more metrics will be delivered to monitoring servers. In push model, the value of threshold is very important. IntelliP decides the size of threshold according to two parameters ÃŽ ± and  µ. Α ÃŽ ± has a close relationship with the current network condition. If current network condition is good, ÃŽ ± is small, more metrics would be delivered. While current network condition is poor, the value of ÃŽ ± increased, less metrics would be on the network. When the network condition is in an ideal status, the value of ÃŽ ± is 1. Another parameter is a constant value set by users. Users can customize the size of  µ according to their requirement. We use m_average as the average value of metrics in window, and define threshold as; threshold= ÃŽ ± Ãâ€"  µ Ãâ€" m (2) One problem is that if the host was running smoothly for a long time and resources usage on this host did not change a lot, then the size of window will be very large. This will lost a lot of metrics. We set an upper limit of window size to solve this problem, when the window size increases to the maximum limit, then the size would not increase any more. . V. conclusion and future work In Clouds, resource monitoring is the premise of job scheduling, load balancing, billing and many other major operations. Therefore, data coherency and real-time are important indicators for a monitoring system of Clouds. Elastic compute is one of the main characters of Clouds, resources in Clouds change dynamically. Using a self-adaptive push model called IntelliP, which is based on a modified push model we can build an effective cloud monitoring system which will reduces network congestion and also reduces useless monitoring data coherency between hosts and servers in CloudStack. In future I will try to improve data delivery control algorithm for increasing effectiveness and adaptive nature of monitoring system, which will be available for all. References Apache Project, Apache CloudStack, 2013 [online] http://cloudstack.apache.org Sasko Ristov and Marjan Gusev, â€Å"Security Evaluation of Open Source Clouds† EuroCon 2013, 1-4 July 2013, Zagreb, Croatia. Lin Kai; Tong Weiqin; Zhang Liping; Hu Chao, SCM: A Design and Implementation of Monitoring System for CloudStack, Cloud and Service Computing (CSC), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.146,151, 4-6 Nov. 2013. He Huang and Liqiang Wang, PP: a Combined Push-Pull Model for Resource Monitoring in Cloud Computing Environment 2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing. W. Chung, R. Chang (2009), A New Mechanism For Resource Monitoring in Grid Computing, Future Generation Computer Systems FGCS 25, PP 1-7.

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay

Cells that can make a distinction into a variety of cell types are called stem cells and comprise embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells. Since ES cells can turn into a new organism or can differentiate into any tissue type, they are said to be â€Å"totipotent.† Adult stem cells, conversely, as they cannot turn into any type of tissue, are said to be â€Å"pluripotent.† For instance, bone marrow stem cells can turn into red blood cells, T-lymphocytes, or B-lymphocytes, however not muscle or bone cells. Nerve stem cells can as well turn into different types of nerve tissue. Stem cell research attempts to engineer tissues from the body’s stem cells to replace defective, damaged, or aging tissues. In 1998, scientists were capable to grow human ES cells indefinitely. Since then, researchers have performed stem cell experiments on mammals and have had some achievement in repairing spinal chord injuries in mice. Since scientists cannot use federal funds to carry out research on embryos, private corporations, most particularly the Geron Corporation, have funded ES cell research. Geron, awaiting possible ethical concerns, appointed its own ethics advisory board. The Clinton administration sought to loosen the interpretation of the ban on embryo research to permit the government to sponsor research on the use of ES cells once they were available. President G. W. Bush had made the decision to permit use merely of about sixty existing cell lines, and not the production of embryonic cell lines particularly made for the purpose of use for stem cells[1]. The majority of the stem cell procedures proposed to date would employ the ES cells from embryos formed by couples in fertility clinics. In the United States, thousands of embryos are discarded each year as IVF couples cannot use all of their embryos. A couple may make three-hundred embryos in an attempt give birth to one child. One more approach to stem cell research suggests that researchers make embryos for scientific and medical purposes. This approach, recognized as therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), engrosses transferring the nucleus from a cell in a person’s body into an enucleated egg[2]. The ES cells from this new embryo would match the tissue in the person’s body, therefore avoiding the potential tissue rejection problems that might occur in stem cell therapy. The potential of stem cell research is huge, for the reason that so many diseases result from tissue damage. Stem cell research could bring about advances in treating paralysis, diabetes, heart disease, pancreatitis, Parkinson’s disease, liver disease, arthritis, as well as many further conditions. [3] Thus human pluripotent stem cell research is very important as firstly it propose help in understanding the actions that take place during normal human development. The understanding of human cell development could make possible further understandings regarding how abnormalities such as cancer occur. Secondly this research helps us to find out why some cells turn into heart cells whereas other cells turn into blood cells. Although it has been previously recognized that a gene turning on and off is central to cell development, however it is not recognized what makes these gene turn on and off–stem cell research will most probably give a possible explanation. In a realistic sense this could make possible further understandings of cell development abnormalities. Thirdly pure samples of specific cell types could be used for testing different chemical compounds so as to develop medicines to treat disease[4]. This would make more efficient the process of medical testing in order that merely medicines that have a helpful effect on cell lines would be tested on animals and humans. And most significantly this research could be very helpful for cell transplantation therapies. Theoretically, stem cells could be â€Å"grown† into replacements for diseased or destroyed cells[5]. This would permit medical science to get to the bottom of diseases of organ failure for instance diabetes as well as neurological disorders for instance Parkinson’s disease. The main protest to this promising research has to do with the source of ES cells. ES cells can be acquired from aborted embryos, embryos remaining after infertility treatments (IVF), embryos created only for research by IVF techniques, and from SCNT techniques (that is therapeutic cloning)[6]. To get ES cells, consequently, one have to either create embryos that will be used, manipulated, or destroyed, or one have to get embryos leftover from infertility treatments. However here is where the abortion debate resurfaces, as these techniques would engross treating embryos as mere things or objects and would not give embryos the esteem they deserve, as said by some critics. That is to say that a proper, fair and realistic account of what comes out of the freezer is a 5-day-old ball of about 150 cells, and of that the researchers will want to use about 30. What comes out of the freezer is unquestionably human tissue however it is not human. That ball of cells has no hope at all of becoming a human being without further intervention. One must not confuse the existence of a chance of becoming a human being with actually being human. The tissue can be likened to organs taken from a lately deceased person for transplant. Neither the organ nor the tissue is dead; it is human tissue but it is not human. One may say the same of sperm, for instance, every sperm must be protected that is available for the reason that it might, under circumstances where other things have to happen, become a human. That is practically the same thought. What has to happen there is that the sperm has to meet with an egg to fertilize that egg, which then has to be looked after. What has to happen with a 5-day-old ball of cells in which the egg and sperm have previously met is that it after that has to be implanted in a woman and stay there for nine months. In both cases nothing is going to happen unless other things are brought into play. It is a very strong view that it is not being talked about a human, rather about human tissue that will with the intervention of others, and only with the intervention of others, has the chance of becoming human. A parent’s right must be supported to demand that any of these untouched fertilized eggs be left untouched for afterward use or not be used for research. Very few, if any, parents who have had the advantage of the IVF program would refuse the chance for spare fertilized eggs to be used. They themselves turned to the wonders of science to give them what apparently nature was otherwise going to deny them, those who through the wonders of science have had what must have been their greatest dream realized would definitely not deny the chance for science to make better things for others. After all, how many fertilized eggs at varying stages of development were used in the IVF programs to get to the point where one could have a successful IVF program? †¦ [7] Some supporters of this bill do not deny where one is now with the science. He just wants science to have the opportunity to take him to further and better places. One cannot say that there is no practical application of this now, so not do the research. That is the equal of saying to a child that you are not permitted to swim in the pool until you have learned to swim. How can one possibly refuse to do research on the basis that he does not have the researchers’ outcomes? One can not get those outcomes until he proceeds with the research. So, again, one must be very much on the side of proceeding with stem cell research. Some of the objections which have their foundation in a religious view held by their proponents. Living by a decent set of values is far more vital than defending the doctrine of one church over another. If you lead a good life and if there is a kingdom of heaven you will be welcome into his or heaven. Your religion is your business and no-one else’s. When you make your religion an issue, you drag it into the political domain and you tarnish it. It follows that we attach very little importance or interest to arguments over religious dogma. Similarly, we do not turn to the state to legislate for one religious view over another. Without doubt, we can clearly see the risks of adopting a view that your religion is the right one and the rest of the world must be converted. This point is quite simple: each to his own religion. If you say to one that doing something is against God’s will, then he will respond by assuring you that, if God is annoyed, God will punish whoever has done that thing. The state should never be used as God’s enforcer. Over the years, as we have been approaching 50, we can assure you that we have every confidence in God’s capability to settle accounts. It has not been our experience that he or she usually waits until you are dead. Numerous people who have done the wrong thing have met their maker in a practical sense while they were still alive[8]. In brief, we are talking about fertilized eggs that are in the freezer. They have not the slightest chance of becoming human unless they are accepted by the mother to be carried for 9 months. We are talking about fertilized eggs where that is not the case. The outcome is that they are either going in the bin or going to be used for the betterment of mankind. My other proposition is that we cannot now say whether the science is good or bad. We do not know where the science is going to take us. Science of itself is not fundamentally good or bad; it is what we do with it that will make that case. We have to understand that the benefits of this research may take years to come. That merely makes us say: start more quickly. We simply ask those who, due to their religious beliefs, have a very authentic concern regarding this bill to accept that they are entitled to follow their religious beliefs; they are not entitled to demand by legislation that everybody else does the same. References: Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik. Responsible Conduct of Research; Oxford University Press, 2003 Daniel Callahan. What Price Better Health? Hazards of the Research Imperative; University of California Press, 2003 John Harris. On Cloning; Routledge, 2004 Sandra Braman. Biotechnology and Communication: The Meta-Technologies of Information; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Thomas Kemp. â€Å"The Stem Cell Debate: A Veblenian Perspective†; Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 38, 2004. [1] Daniel Callahanpg 55 [2] John Harris, pg 90 [3] Daniel Callahan, pg 67-69 [4] Thomas Kemp, pg 6 [5] ibid [6] John Harris, pg 78-79 [7] Sandra Braman, pg 105 [8] Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik, pg 210

The Little-Known Secrets to Ap English Literature Q2 Essay Samples

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Essay the dead - 504 Words

â€Å"The Dead† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some say that people never change. They may be right, but no one really knows. What people do know is that every living person has one thing in common, something that will never change. Everyone will die, there’s no way around it. Every â€Å"new† and â€Å"old† generation will succumb to the same ghastly fate. The differences in the â€Å"old† generation and â€Å"new† generation sometimes collide in life. The contrast between generations in James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead† is similar to the contrast in the generations today. The â€Å"baby boomer† generation is the old fashioned generation preoccupied with hospitality and tradition, where as, â€Å"generation x† is the new generation, preoccupied with knowledge and intellect.†¦show more content†¦This generation is preoccupied with the search for knowledge. The new generation is educated and knows things that the older generation has no co ncept of, which was evident several times during Gabriel’s speech at the dinner table. Gabriel’s aunt did not understand what Gabriel speech was about, but she still smiled and was hospitable which corresponds with the qualities of her generation. The newer generation is always tormented with thought. They are constantly thinking of what some one else is thinking, or some one else is feeling. Gabriel is distraught when he tries to understand his wife and why she is upset. When he finds out what the problem is, he finds out he was wrong and he doesn’t know everything, although he sometimes thinks so. The newer generation tries to better themselves through knowledge, but sometimes fails because of the lack of passion and the qualities of the older generation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The generations in â€Å"The Dead† differ because what one has, the other lacks. The older generation overflows with generosity, compassion, and hospitality, lacking knowledge. The newer generation is growing in knowledge and education, but fails to express the love and nationalism that the older generation displays. The gap in generations is a common way of life that is evident between generations today. The generations are linked only in that they will experience the love and lossShow MoreRelated The Dead Essay474 Words   |  2 PagesThe Dead 1) Symbolic meaning of snow†¦ a. Beginning when first enters Aunts house (warmth) he is out of the snow = coldness, isolation and inhumanity. But when enters the home he is surrounded with warmth and acceptance. Pages 10-11 b. Page 25 Gabriel was nervous about presenting his speech and sought comfort at a window. Looking outside at the falling snow, Gabriel he received a form of release, escape and feeling that he is unknown. c. 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